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othello.c
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1984-02-12
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/*
OTHELLO -- The Game of Dramatic Reversals
written by Bert Halstead
modified for BDS C by Leor Zolman
*** Features added by Gilbert Shapiro:
(1) A view of the board after the player has moved but before the
computer's response. (2) When player responds to "Move:" by <CR>,
provides a list of available options on the screen. (3)
Displays a board with "X" in all legal positions when player's move is
illegal and numeric. And (4) substitutes a reverse video * for @ as
the white piece, if terminal is an H19.
The program uses #ifdef wherever required, so that the original
OTHELLO can be reinstated by deleting or commenting out the line
"#define H19." All new functions are at the end of the file. The
revised program works on an H89. All screen formatting is performed
by direct cursor addressing to ease portability. (Heath direct cursor
addressing is "033Y" followed by an indication of the row and column.)
The functions of other Heath screen manipulation commands are
indicated in comments, to facilitate rewriting for other equipment.
--GS ***
This program is a good example of:
a) structured, heirarchical function organization
b) arrays as formal parameters
c) use of the "qsort" library function
Object of the game is for two players to alternate
placing their marker someplace on an 8 by 8 grid, so that
at least one of the opponent's pieces becomes surrounded
by the moving player's peices -- causing the flanked pieces
to flip 'color' and belong to the moving player. After 60
moves have been played (or if no player has a legal move left),
the player with the most of his own pieces on the board wins.
The playing pieces are '*' and '@'. You may choose to play
either '*' or '@' for the first game; thereafter, you and the
computer will alternate going first for each game. Whoever
goes first always plays `*'.
You enter a move as a two digit number, each digit being
from 1 to 8, first digit representing row and second representing
column. For example: if playing '*', your first move might be '46',
meaning 4th row down, 6th position across.
As an alternative to entering a move, one of the following
commands may be typed:
g causes computer to play both sides until game
is over
a causes computer to print out an analysis of
each of your possible moves. A letter from A
to Z will appear at each of your legal move
positions, where A is the machine's opinion
of an excellant move and Z is a real loser.
hn sets handicap. n is 1,2,3, or 4. If n is
positive, gives n free pieces to the computer.
If n is negative, gives YOU the free peices.
f forfeit the current move. This happens
automatically if you have no legal moves.
q quit the current game.
b prints out board again.
s prints out the score, and tells who is winning.
*/
#define H19 /* GS -- Deletion of this line reverts program to
original features. */
#define BLACK '*'
#define WHITE '@'
#define EMPTY '-'
int handicap;
char selfplay; /* true if computer playing with itself */
int h[4][2]; /* handicap position table */
char mine, his; /* who has black (*) and white (@) in current game */
char mefirst; /* true if computer goes first in current game */
main(argc,argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
char b[8][8];
int i;
h[0][0] = h[0][1] = h[2][0] = h[3][1] = 0;
h[1][0] = h[1][1] = h[2][1] = h[3][0] = 7;
printf("\nWelcome to the BDS C OTHELLO program!\n");
printf("\nNote: `*' always goes first...Good luck!!!\n\n");
srand1("Do you want to go first? ");
if (toupper(getchar()) == 'Y')
mefirst = 0;
else
mefirst = 1;
printf("\n\n");
do {
clrbrd(b);
prtbrd(b);
i = game(b,4);
mefirst = !mefirst;
if (i==4) break;
if (i=='Q') continue;
printf("\n");
i = prtscr(b);
if (i>0) printf(" You won by %d\n",i);
else if (i<0) printf(" You lost by %d\n",-i);
else printf(" A draw\n");
} while (ask("Another game? ")=='Y');
}
game(b,n)
char b[8][8];
int n;
{
char c;
int ff;
int i,j;
handicap = 0;
selfplay = ' ';
ff=0;
if (mefirst) {
mine = BLACK; his = WHITE;
printf("\nI go first:\n\n");
}
else {
mine = WHITE; his = BLACK;
printf("\nYou go first:\n\n");
}
while(1) {
if (cntbrd(b,EMPTY)==0) return 'D';
if (cntbrd(b,EMPTY)==60 && mine == BLACK) goto Istart;
if (chkmvs(b,his)==0) {
printf(!mefirst ? "Forfeit" : " ...Forfeit\n");
ff |= 1;
}
else switch (c = getmov(&i,&j)) {
case 'B': prtbrd(b); continue;
case 'S': i= prtscr(b);
if (i>0) printf(" You're winning\n");
else if (i<0)printf(" You're losing!\n");
else putchar('\n');
continue;
case 'Q': case 4: return c;
case 'H': if (n>abs(handicap)+4)
printf("Illegal!\n");
else for (j=0; i!=0; j++) {
b[h[j][0]][h[j][1]]= i>0?BLACK:WHITE;
handicap += i>0 ? 1 : -1;
++n;
i += i>0 ? -1 : 1;
}
prtbrd(b); continue;
case 'A': analyze(b,his,mine,EMPTY);
continue;
case 'G': my_mov(b,his,mine,EMPTY,&i,&j);
case 'M': if (chkmov(b,his,i,j)>0) {
printf(!mefirst ? "%1d-%1d" : " ...%1d-%1d\n",
i+1,j+1);
putmov(b,his,i,j);
#ifdef H19
prtbrd_rt(b); /* GS */
#endif
}
else {
#ifdef H19
displegl(b,his,mine,EMPTY); /* GS */
#else
printf("Illegal!\n");
#endif
continue;
}
break;
case 'F': if (n>abs(handicap)+4) {
printf ("Illegal!\n");
continue;
}
else printf(!mefirst ? "Forfeit" :
" ...Forfeit\n");
}
Istart: if (cntbrd(b,EMPTY) == 0) return 'D';
if (chkmvs(b,mine)==0) {
printf(!mefirst ? "...Forfeit\n": "Forfeit...\n");
ff |=2;
}
else {
my_mov(b,mine,his,EMPTY,&i,&j);
printf(!mefirst ? "...%1d-%1d\n" : "%1d-%1d...\n",
i+1,j+1);
putmov(b,mine,i,j);
++n;
}
if (ff==3 || n>64) return 'D';
if (!(ff & 1)) prtbrd(b);
ff = 0;
}
}
prtscr(b)
char *b;
{
int i,j;
printf("%1d-%1d",i = cntbrd(b,his), j=cntbrd(b,mine));
return i-j;
}
char getmov(i,j)
int *i, *j;
{
char a,c;
int n;
char *p;
char skipbl();
if (selfplay == 'G') {
if (!kbhit()) return 'G';
selfplay = ' ';
getchar();
}
printf("Move: ");
while(1) switch (c=skipbl()) {
case '\n': printf("Move? ");
#ifdef H19
dispopts(); /* GS */
#endif
continue;
case 'G': if ((c = skipbl()) != '\n')
goto flush;
selfplay='G';
return 'G';
case 'B': case 'S': case 'Q':
case 'F': case 'A':
a=c;
if (( c = skipbl()) != '\n') goto flush;
return a;
case 'H': if ((a=c=skipbl()) == EMPTY)
c=getchar();
if (c<'1' || c>'4' || skipbl() !='\n')
goto flush;
*i = a==EMPTY? -(c-'0') : (c-'0');
return 'H';
case 4: return c;
default: if (c<'1' || c>'8') goto flush;
*i = c-'1';
c = skipbl();
if (c<'1' || c>'8') goto flush;
*j = c- '1';
if ((c=skipbl()) == '\n') return 'M';
flush: while (c != '\n' && c != 4)
c=getchar();
if (c==4) return c;
#ifdef H19
dispopts();
#else
printf("Huh?");
#endif
}
}
char ask(s)
char *s;
{
char a,c;
printf ("%s ",s);
a=skipbl();
while (c != '\n' && c != 4) c= getchar();
return a;
}
char skipbl()
{
char c;
while ((c = toupper(getchar())) == ' ' || c=='\t');
return c;
}
chkmvs(b,p)
char b[8][8];
char p;
{
int i,j,k;
k=0;
for (i=0; i<8; i++) for (j=0; j<8; j++)
k += chkmov(b,p,i,j);
return k;
}
chkmov(b,p,x,y)
char b[8][8],p;
int x,y;
{
if (b[x][y] != EMPTY) return 0;
return chkmv1(b,p,x,y,0,1) + chkmv1(b,p,x,y,1,0) +
chkmv1(b,p,x,y,0,-1)+ chkmv1(b,p,x,y,-1,0)+
chkmv1(b,p,x,y,1,1) + chkmv1(b,p,x,y,1,-1)+
chkmv1(b,p,x,y,-1,1)+ chkmv1(b,p,x,y,-1,-1);
}
chkmv1(b,p,x,y,m,n)
char b[8][8],p;
int x,y,m,n;
{
int k;
k=0;
while ((x += m) >= 0 && x < 8 && (y += n) >= 0 && y<8)
{
if (b[x][y]==EMPTY) return 0;
if (b[x][y]== p ) return k;
if (x==0 || x==7 || y==0 || y==7)
k += 10;
else k++;
}
return 0;
}
notake(b,p,o,e,x,y)
char b[8][8];
char p,o,e;
int x,y;
{
return notak1(b,p,o,e,x,y,0,1)&&
notak1(b,p,o,e,x,y,1,1)&&
notak1(b,p,o,e,x,y,1,0)&&
notak1(b,p,o,e,x,y,1,-1);
}
notak1(b,p,o,e,x,y,m,n)
char b[8][8],p,o,e;
int x,y,m,n;
{
int c1,c2;
c1 = notak2(b,p,o,e,x,y,m,n);
c2 = notak2(b,p,o,e,x,y,-m,-n);
return !(c1==o && c2==e || c1==e && c2==o);
}
notak2(b,p,o,e,x,y,m,n)
char b[8][8],p,o,e;
int x,y,m,n;
{
x += m; y +=n;
if (x>=0 && x<=7 && y>=0 && y<=7)
while(b[x][y] == 0) {
x += m; y+=n;
if (x<0 || x>7 || y<0 || y>7 || b[x][y]==e)
return o;
}
while (x>=0 && x<=7 && y>=0 && y<=7 && b[x][y]==p)
{ x +=m; y+=n; }
if (x<0 || x>7 || y<0 || y>7) return p;
return b[x][y];
}
putmov(b,p,x,y)
char b[8][8];
char p;
int x,y;
{
int i,j;
b[x][y] = p;
for (i= -1; i<=1; i++) for (j= -1; j<=1; j++) {
if ((i != 0 || j!=0)&&chkmv1(b,p,x,y,i,j)>0)
putmv1(b,p,x,y,i,j);
}
}
putmv1(b,p,x,y,m,n)
char b[8][8];
char p;
int x,y,m,n;
{
while ((x += m) >= 0 && x<8 && (y += n)>=0 && y<8) {
if (b[x][y] == EMPTY || b[x][y] == p) return;
b[x][y] = p;
}
}
struct mt {
int x;
int y;
int c;
int s;
};
my_mov(b,p,o,e,m,n)
char b[8][8],p;
int *m, *n;
{
struct mt t[64];
int i,k;
int cmpmov();
k = fillmt(b,p,o,e,t);
if (!k) return 0;
qsort (&t, k, 8, &cmpmov);
for (i=1; i<k; i++)
if (t[i].s != t[0].s || t[i].c != t[0].c)
break;
k = rand() % i;
*m = t[k].x;
*n = t[k].y;
return 1;
}
analyze(b,p,o,e)
char b[8][8], p,o,e;
{
struct mt t[64];
char a[8][8];
int i,k,c;
k = fillmt(b,p,o,e,t);
cpybrd(a,b);
for (i=0; i<k; i++)
a[t[i].x][t[i].y] = ((c = 'F' - t[i].s) <= 'Z')?c:'Z';
prtbrd(a);
}
fillmt(b,p,o,e,t)
char b[8][8],p,o,e;
struct mt t[64];
{
int i,j,k;
k = 0;
for (i=0; i<8; i++) for(j=0; j<8; j++)
if (t[k].c = chkmov(b,p,i,j)) {
t[k].x =i;
t[k].y =j;
t[k].s = s_move(b,p,o,e,i,j);
++k;
}
return k;
}
s_move(b,p,o,e,i,j)
char b[8][8], p, o, e;
int i,j;
{
char a[8][8];
int ok,s,k,l,side,oside;
int c,dkl;
cpybrd(a,b);
putmov(a,p,i,j);
side = 0;
if (i==0 || i==7) side++;
if (j==0 || j==7) side++;
s = 0;
ok = 0;
if (side==2 || notake(b,p,o,e,i,j)) ok++;
oside = 0;
for (k=0; k<8; k++) for(l=0; l<8; l++)
{
c=chkmov(a,o,k,l);
if (c==0) continue;
dkl = 1;
if (k==0 || k==7) { dkl+=2; oside|=4;}
if (l==0 || l==7) {dkl+=2; oside|=4; }
if (dkl==5) {dkl = 10; oside |= 16; }
else if (!notake(a,o,p,e,k,l))
continue;
oside |= 1;
s -= dkl;
if (c>=10) { s -= 4; oside |= 8; }
}
if (s< -oside) s= -oside;
if (side>0) return s+side-7+10*ok;
if (i==1 || i==6) {s--; side++;}
if (j==1 || j==6) {s--; side++;}
if (side>0) return s;
if (i==2 || i==5) s++;
if (j==2 || j==5) s++;
return s;
}
cmpmov(a,b)
struct mt *a, *b;
{
if ((*a).s > (*b).s) return -1;
if ((*a).s < (*b).s) return 1;
if ((*a).c > (*b).c) return -1;
if ((*a).c < (*b).c) return 1;
return 0;
}
clrbrd(b)
char b[8][8];
{
int i,j;
for (i=0; i<8; i++)
for (j=0; j<8; j++)
b[i][j]= EMPTY;
b[3][3] = b[4][4] = BLACK;
b[3][4] = b[4][3] = WHITE;
}
prtbrd(b)
char b[8][8];
{
int i,j;
printf(" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8\n");
for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
printf("%2d",i+1);
for (j=0; j<8; j++) {
putchar(' ');
#ifdef H19
if (b[i][j]=='@') printf("\033p*\033q");
else putchar(b[i][j]);
#else
putchar(b[i][j]);
#endif
}
putchar('\n');
}
putchar('\n');
}
cpybrd(a,b)
char *a, *b;
{
int i;
i=64;
while (i--)
*a++ = *b++;
}
cntbrd(b,p)
char *b, p;
{
int i,j;
i= 64; j=0;
while (i--)
if (*b++ == p) ++j;
return (j);
}
dispopts() /* GS -- Displays options, after <CR>. Works on H89.
Uses only direct cursor addressing. */
{ char row, col;
int i;
clrq3();
row = '\053';
printf("\033Y%c\107g: Computer plays both sides\n",row++);
printf("\033Y%c\107a: Analysis of your possible moves\n",row++);
printf("\033Y%c\107hn: Sets handicap\n",row++);
printf("\033Y%c\107f: Forfeit current move\n",row++);
printf("\033Y%c\107q: Quit current game\n",row++);
printf("\033Y%c\107b: Print board again\n",row++);
printf("\033Y%c\107s: Print score, tell who's winning\n",row++);
printf("\033Y\066\047");
}
displegl(b,p,o,e) /* GS -- For H89, Displays legal moves as X */
char b[8][8], p,o,e; /* Based on analyze() */
{
struct mt t[64];
char a[8][8];
int i,j,k,c;
k = fillmt(b,p,o,e,t);
cpybrd(a,b);
for (i=0; i<k; i++)
a[t[i].x][t[i].y] = ((c = 'F' - t[i].s) <= 'Z')?c:'Z';
for (i=1; i<=8; i++) for (j=1; j<=8; j++)
a[i][j] = (a[i][j] >= 'A' && a[i][j] <= 'Z') ? 'X' : a[i][j];
prtbrd_rt(a);
}
clrq3() /* GS -- Clears the lower right quadrant of screen */
{
int i;
char row, col;
col = 71; /* For H89, this is screen col. 40 */
printf("\033x5"); /* For H89, shuts off cursor. */
for (row=42; row<=55; row++) { /* Screen rows 11 to 24 */
printf("\033Y%c%c", row, col);
for (i=1; i<=41; i++) putchar(' ');
}
printf("\033y5"); /* Turns on cursor */
}
prtbrd_rt(b) /* GS - prtbrd modified to print on the right
half of the screen. */
char b[8][8];
{
char row, col;
int i,j;
clrq3();
row = '\053' - mefirst;
printf("\033Y%c\107 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8\n",row);
for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
row = '\054' + i - mefirst;
printf("\033Y%c\107",row);
printf("%2d",i+1);
for (j=0; j<8; j++) {
putchar(' ');
#ifdef H19
if (b[i][j]=='@') printf("\033p*\033q");
else putchar(b[i][j]);
#else
putchar(b[i][j]);
#endif
}
}
col = mefirst ? 32 : '\043';
printf("\033Y\066%c",col);
}
& a[i][j] <= 'Z') ? 'X' : a[i][j];
prtbrd_rt(a);
}
clrq3() /* GS -- Clears the lower right quadrant